Death Penalty Arguments Essay -- Informative Essays

Many victims of murdered people say that the death penalty should be re-introduced in to our society. They say that the murderer doesn't deserve to live while others argue the point. I will examine the arguments on both sides. If we turn to the bible for some advice whether or not to re-introduce the death penalty we can find help in the Old Testament. The covenant recorded in Genesis 9 says, "whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed." This is the same as what the Old Testament teaches us stating, "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." Does this mean that if someone murders our loved ones that we should have the right to kill them? If we look to Genesis again we see the bible telling us, "so God looked upon the Earth, and indeed it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way on the Earth. And God said to Noah, "The end of all flesh has come before Me, for the Earth is filled with violence through them; and behold, I will destroy them." This shows us that without the death penalty, lawl...

Srs on Management System

Software Requirements Specification For Attendance Tracking System, Release 1. 0 Version 1. 0 Prepared by Lee Bell, Graham Kennedy, Jonathan Loudin, Roger Seagle February 9, 2003 Table of Contents Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i Revision History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ i 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1. 1 Purpose†¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 1. 2 Document Conventions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1. 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1. 4 Project Scope†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 5 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 2. Overall Description†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 1 2. 1 Product Perspective†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 2 Product Features†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 3 User Classes and Characteristics†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ â₠¬ ¦ †¦ 1 2. 4 Operating Environment†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2 2. 5 Design and Implementation Constraints†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2 2. User Documentation†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2 2. 7 Assumptions and Dependencies†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2 3. System Features†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ â₠¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 3 3. 1 Roll Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 3 3. 2 Edit Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4 3. 3 Statistics Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 6 4. External Interface Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ à ¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 7 4. User Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 7 4. 2 Hardware Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 7 4. 3 Software Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 7 4. 4 Communications Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ â₠¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 8 5. 1 Performance Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 8 5. 2 Safety Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 8 5. Security Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 5. 4 Software Quality Attributes†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 6. Other Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 9 Revision History Name Everyone Everyone Date February 9, 2003 February 12, 2003 Reason For Changes Initial Draft Revise Draft Version 1. 0 draft 1 2. 0 Final Version 1. Introduction The following document describes the functional and non-functional requirements for the Attendance Tracking System release version 1. . The contents are intended to be utilized by the software engineering class as guidelines for implementation and testing. This Software Requirements Specification document only covers the main s ystem and does not describe the implementation of the database in which the main system interacts. All the requirements stated in this document are slated for implementation in version 1. 0, unless otherwise specified. 1. 1 Purpose 1. 2 Document Conventions As of the latest version of this Software Requirements Specification, there are no document conventions.The intended audience is the software engineering class, who will be implementing and testing the Attendance Tracking System. Also, the document is to be utilized by the software engineering professor to evaluate the software’s design and features. The Attendance Tracking System will allow professors to maintain a record of attendance of students in their respective classes from a Pocket PC. Also, the system will permit the instructor to send a student a notification email of their absence. Furthermore, the program provides different modes to edit attendance, view tatistics, and take notes on elements pertaining to atten dance. The goal is to provide a professor with an easy, portable solution to attendance record maintenance and attendance statistics. 1. 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions 1. 4 Project Scope 1. 5 References 1. Weigers, Karl. Software Requirements Specification Template, http://www. processimpact. com/process_assets/srs_template. doc 2. Overall Description The Attendance Tracking System is intended to replace the manual model of attendance record keeping by means of roll call and paper records.The roll call and paper records are replaced with a single interaction between the professor and the Attendance Tracking System. Professors will be able to view pictures of students on their Pocket PC and quickly maintain attendance records. The features expressed in this Software Requirements Specification document are intended to be fully implemented in version 1. 0. The system will be developed in such a way to provide easy addition of enhanced features, which may be desired in subs equent versions. The main feature of the Attendance Tracking System is for a professor to take roll from the Pocket PC.Pictures will be displayed for each student in the class, so the professor can recognize students without having to manually call roll. If students are absent, the system sends a notification email to the student stating the current number of absences the student has accumulated. Also, the system allows the professor to view pertinent statistics on student’s attendance record for the specified class. Finally, another feature of the Attendance Tracking System is the ability to easily edit the attendance record for any given day. Professors 2. 1 Product Perspective 2. 2 Product Features 2. User Classes and Characteristics A professor is a faculty member of Wake Forest University in Winston Salem, North Carolina. There are 357 faculty members at the university and it is estimated that almost all faculty members will utilize the Attendance Tracking System. Profes sors will have multiple classes and interaction with the system will occur at multiple times throughout the day from multiple professors. The professor should be allowed to take, edit, and view attendance records at any desirable time. All professors have wireless Internet access through their Pocket PC’ s while on campus.This connection provides the backbone of the Attendance Tracking System. Figure 1: Context diagram for Attendance Tracking System. 2. 4 Operating Environment OE-1: OE-2: OE-3: The Attendance Tracking System shall function on the Pocket PC provided by the university. This entails the system to operate on the Windows CE platform. The Attendance Tracking System shall interface between Windows CE and a Linux server designated to store the attendance records. The Web Server and Database Software have not been established at this point.Updated versions of this document will include information pertaining to these specific operating environments. The Attendance Tra cking System will operate with a yet to be established email client for notification of absences sent to students. CO-1: CO-2: CO-3: 2. 5 Design and Implementation Constraints The time allotted for this project will be limited to the Spring 2003 semester. The language for the project will be Visual C++ and the development environment will be the embedded Visual C++ 3. 0 environment. All the HTML code for the user manual will conform to the HTML 4. 0 standard. UD-1: UD-2: . 6 User Documentation The system will provide an online user manual in HTML that describes the functionality and options available to the user. The system will provide a hard copy of the user manual, which is identical to the manual outlined in UD-1 AS-1: AS-2: 2. 7 Assumptions and Dependencies The database mentioned within this Software Requirements Specification document is previously administered with the correct information needed by the Attendance Tracking System. For attendance policies, since professors do n ot usually tabulate tardiness, it is assumed a student is either present or absent.The notes functionality allows the professor the option to comment on tardiness and the edit mode allows the professor to correct attendance due DE-1: DE-2: 3. System Features to tardiness. Class data being used for setup and student recognition is dependent on information in a database administered outside of the capabilities of the Attendance Tracking System. Statistics on student attendance is dependent on a professor’ s consistent utilization of the system for each class period. Figure 2: State Diagram for transition between modes within the system. 3. 1 Roll Mode 3. 1. 1 Description and PriorityA user whose identity has been verified will be able to retrieve a roster and take roll at class time. The Pocket PC will determine the correct roster for the current date and time, retrieve that roster from a database server, and display it for the purposes of taking roll. The user will be able to designate each class member as present or absent, and upload that status information to the server. The server will notify the class members marked as absent by e-mail. Priority = High. 3. 1. 2 Stimulus/Response Sequences Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response: User loads system.System queries server and if a class exists for the current date, time, and user, then that roster is retrieved and displayed. User requests that a class member be marked absent. The class member is designated as absent. User requests that a class member be marked present. The class member is designated as present. User requests that the data be sent to the server for storage. The absence data for the current roster are transmitted to the server. Stimulus: Response: Server receives data indicating a class member has been recorded absent. E-mail is sent to that class member. 3. 1. 3 Functional Requirements Roll. Retrieve. Time: Roll.Retrieve. Date: Roll. Retrieve. Roste r: Roll. Retrieve. Roster. No: Roll. Display. Roster: Roll. Display. Members: Roll. Mark. Present: Roll. Mark. Absent: Roll. Transmit. Data: Roll. Notify. E-mail: The system shall retrieve the current time. The system shall retrieve the current date. The system shall retrieve the roster from the server that matches the current time and date. If no roster is found to match current time and date, default menus will be displayed. The system will display the roster on screen. The roster will display the pictures and names of class members. Members have the ability to be marked as present.Members have the ability to be marked as absent. The system will transmit the status of each class member in the active roster to the server. The system will notify all class members by e-mail if they are marked as absent along with their current status within the attendance policy. 3. 2 Edit Mode Figure 3: State Transitions within Roll Mode. 3. 2. 1 Description and Priority A user whose identity has be en verified who wishes to change the absence status of one or more class members as is related to a past class period will have the ability to retrieve the roster data for that class period from the server.Absence data may then be adjusted and the corrections uploaded to the server. Any new absences will result in notification by e-mail to the class member in question. A change from absent to present will result in a notification that an absence has been removed. Priority = High. 3. 2. 3 Stimulus/Response Sequences Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: The user requests to view absence data from a certain date and time. The roster and absence data are retrieved from the server and displayed. The user requests that a class member’ s status be changed to absent. Response: Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response:The class member’ s status is changed to absent. The user requests that a class member’ s status be changed to present. The class member’ s status is changed to present. The user indicates that they are finished making changes. The altered data is uploaded to the server and server data is updated to reflect the changes. E-mail notification is sent to the class members affected. 3. 2. 3 Functional Requirements Edit. Retrieve. Time: Edit. Retrieve. Date: Edit. Retrieve. Roster: Edit. Retrieve. Roster. No: Edit. Display. Roster: Edit. Display. Members: The system shall allow the user to choose the date of the roster to be retrieved.The system shall allow the user to choose the date of the roster to be retrieved. The system will retrieve the roster and absence data from the requested date and time. If no such roster exists, an error message will be displayed. The system will display the roster on screen. The roster will display the pictures and names of class members along with current absence status on screen. Members will have the ability to have their status changed to present. Members will have the ability to have their status changed t o absent. The system will transmit the new status of each class member in the active roster to the server.The system will notify all class members by e-mail if their status has been changed to absent along with their current status within the attendance policy. The system will notify all class members by e-mail if their status has been changed to present along with their current status within the attendance policy. Edit. Mark. Present: Edit. Mark. Absent: Edit. Transmit. Data: Edit. Notify. Absent: Edit. Notify. Present: Figure 4: State Transitions within Edit Mode. 3. 3 Statistics Mode 3. 3. 1 Description and Priority A user whose identity has been verified may request absence statistics for class members in classes under their control.Statistics for an individual class member may be retrieved and displayed with regard to number, frequency, date of absences as well as the percentage of classes missed over a user-defined period of time. A list of class members who were absent for a chosen class period may also be retrieved. Priority = High. 3. 2. 3 Stimulus/Response Sequences Stimulus: Response: User requests a statistical record. Statistics are calculated, retrieved from the server, and displayed. 3. 3. 3 Functional Requirements Stats. Define. Range: Stats. Request. Number: Stats. Request. Dates: Stats. Request. Frequency: Stats. Request. Percentage: Stats.Request. List: Stats. Retrieve. Number: Stats. Retrieve. Dates: Stats. Retrieve. Frequency: Stats. Retrieve. Percentage: Stats. Retrieve. List: The user shall have the ability to set the date or range of dates for which statistics will be retrieved. The user shall have the ability to request the number of absences for a class member. The user shall have the ability to request the dates of the absences for a class member. The user shall have the ability to request the frequency of absences for a class member. The user shall have the ability to request the percentage of class periods that a class member was a bsent.The user shall have the ability to request a list of the class members absent on a given date. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the number of absences for a class member from the server. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the dates of the absences for a class member from the server. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the frequency of absences for a class member from the server. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the percentage of class periods that a class member was absent from the server.The system shall have the ability to retrieve a list of the class members absent on a given date from the server. The system shall have the ability to display the number of absences for a class member. The system shall have the ability to display the dates of the absences for a class member. Stats. Display. Number: Stats. Display. Dates: Stats. Display. Frequency: Stats. Display. Percentage: Stats. Display. List: The system shall have the ability to display the frequency of absences for a class member. The system shall have the ability to display the percentage of class periods that a class member was absent.The system shall have the ability to display a list of the class members absent on a given date. Figure 5: State Transitions within Statistics Mode. 4. External Interface Requirements 4. 1 User Interfaces UI-1: UI-2: UI-3: UI-4: UI-5: The Attendance Tracking System shall provide pictures above the names of students in the class to aid in taking roll. These pictures can be clicked with a stylus in order to indicate whether a student is present or absent. All modifications to the database will be done through a stylus, the keyboard would only be needed to enter passwords.The Attendance Tracking System will provide a help link that will download a user manual and project it onto the screen in case the user has difficulty in using the program. The program will provide a page that produces current statistics on class attendance. 4. 2 Hardware Interfaces HI-1: HI-2: HI-3: The Attendance Tracking System will reside on the Pocket PC, however, it will be able to report its data to a database set up on a Solaris machine. The Attendance Tracking System will also be able to tell the Solaris machine to send emails to students who have missed class.The Pocket PC will use a wireless Ethernet card to communicate with the database set up on the Solaris machine. 4. 3 Software Interfaces SI-1: SI-1. 1: SI-1. 2: SI-1. 3: SI-2: SI-2. 1: SI-2. 2: Attendance Tracking System This software will transmit the attendance of a class to a database on a Solaris machine via wireless Ethernet. The user will be allowed to modify attendance records at any time. If the user forgets to transmit the information, the system will automatically send it for them at the end of the class. Database The Attendance Tracking System will communicate with the database to perform the followin g options.To allow a user to enter attendance. To allow a user to modify attendance. SI-2. 3: SI-3: To allow a user to query a system to gain statistics concerning individual and class attendance. Mail Message Generator If a student is absent, the database will send the necessary information to this interface and an e-mail message will be sent to the student. 4. 4 Communications Interfaces CI-1: CI-2: CI-3: The security of a user must be consistent through the use of passwords. The Attendance Tracking System will signal the mail message generator when it needs to send an email to the student.The Attendance Tracking System will communicate to the database through a wireless Ethernet system. 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements 5. 1 Performance Requirements PE-1: PE-2: PE-3: PE-4: PE-5: PE-6: PE-7: The program must be able to be run concurrently by multiple professors. During peak times of usage (9:00 AM to 2:00 PM), the system shall support approximately 20 users. Transmission of roll data shall occur in under 5 seconds using the wireless network card. Acknowledgement of roll received (confirmation) shall be returned within 8 seconds. Queries upon the database shall be performed in less than 5 seconds.Upon start of the roll program, roll information shall be displayed on the instructor’ s Pocket PC within 10 seconds. Email messages to absent students shall be sent within one hour of the conclusion of a class. The program shall support taking roll for class sizes of up to 100 students. With a maximum class size, performance must still conform to all performance requirements. 5. 2 Safety Requirements No safety requirements have been identified. 5. 3 Security Requirements SE-1: SE-2: SE-3: SE-4: An instructor shall permitted to view and edit absence information in the database for only his/her classes.In order to take roll or edit database information, the instructor shall be required to enter a password. This password shall be stored on the instructorâ€⠄¢ s Pocket PC after initial entry in order that it must only be entered once. Passwords shall be stored in an instructor database and verified upon each session of roll or database modification. An instructor shall be allowed to change his/her password only by supplying his/her existing password. The updated password shall be stored in the instructor database and on the instructor’ s Pocket PC. 5. Software Quality Attributes Availability-1: The system shall be available to all instructors through Information Systems during their normal hours of operation. Reliability-1: Reusability-1: Robustness-1: Robustness-2: Updatability-1: Usability-1: 6. Other Requirements Due to the use of a wireless network, reliability of the system at all times is not guaranteed. However, overall reliability of the system and roll information shall be achieved through the process of database manipulation. The system shall be able to be reused for each new semester.If no network connection can be es tablished to receive the roll information, the instructor shall be allowed to enter roll later. If a network connection is lost during roll, the program shall allow the instructor to transmit roll information at a later time. The system shall allow for addition or deletion of instructors, students, and classes while incorporating new semesters. Usability of the system shall be achieved through an online help pages and an introductory training session for all instructors upon installation of the program on their Pocket PCs. 6. 1 Database RequirementsDA-1: DA-2: DA-3: DA-4: The system shall include three databases: student, class, and instructor. The student database shall contain student information including name, email address, and student identification number. The class database shall contain information about classes including class title, department code and course number, meeting times, students enrolled, and absences. The class database shall be grouped by department code and course number. The instructor database shall contain information about instructors including name, email address, password, and classes taught.

Human Rights Universal And Inalienable Rights - 919 Words

Throughout the world, there is a mutual understanding that all humans are entitled to universal and inalienable rights. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 1 best, explains what universal human rights are by stating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity rights. (Articles of the UN Universal Declaration, International Law: United for Human Rights.), and while all persons are entitled to these rights there are many throughout out the world who are suffering due to the fact their human rights are being violated. While there are many ways that one s human rights can be violated a current major issue in today s society that violates, one s humans rights are the crime of Human Trafficking. While the majority of people are under the assumption that human trafficking only encompasses parties involved for sex trade purposes that are in fact false. There have been reported cases by the victims who forced were into human trafficking that they were forced into slavery, sexual exploitation, and forced labor. (Human Trafficking. Human Trafficking.Ed.Christina Fisanick) There is a large majority of people would like to argue that since human trafficking is both a domestic and international concern and that all forms of governments need to strengthen their law enforcement personal to combat it better. However, an even better solution to this problem might be to give more attention instead to the issues that are causingShow MoreRelatedIs Human Rights Universal, Inherent, Inalienable, And Indivisible? Essay2051 Words   |  9 PagesAssignment 1: Are human rights universal, inherent, inalienable, and indivisible? Student’s Name: Institutional Affiliation Date Introduction Human rights can be summarized as the activities and freedoms that all human beings are entitled to enjoy and only by virtue of their humanity. These conditions are generally guaranteed in the constitution of the land. They are widely felt in the area as they are divided and not limited to political, social economic and cultural rights. Some of theRead MoreHuman Right - Universal, Inherent, Inalienable, Indivisible.1920 Words   |  8 PagesHuman rights are said to be universal, inherent, inalienable, and indivisible. In this paper we will discover what each of those mean including discussions which examine if human rights are in fact universal, inherent, inalienable, and indivisible equally and without prejudice for all of humanity. Human rights are universal since they are said to belong to all humans in every society and should accommodate all persons in the world equally. To consider if human rights are in fact universal, oneRead MoreThe Declaration Of Universal Human Right s869 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) set forth a declaration of universal human rights. The goal was to set a common standard of rights based on â€Å"recognition of the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.† It was meant to become the perfect social contract but unfortunately was not upheld even by the signatory nations themselves. Many critics now looking back have cited the overreaching ideals as the downfall of the declaration but yet manyRead MoreA Direct Link Between Globalization And Human Rights1146 Words   |  5 Pagesglobalization and human rights movements, both governmental as well as NGOs. Consider how the major events that most drove globalization, such as WWI and WWII have led to human rights measures and movements based on the atrocities committed in those global events. According to the UN website The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the UN Ge neral Assembly on 10 December 1948, was the result of the experience of the Second World War (â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights: HistoryRead MoreDifferences Between Human And Regimes And Regional Human Rights1547 Words   |  7 PagesBenjamin Thompkins Political Science 3346 Professor Tiede 10/28/15 What are the differences between global human rights’ regimes and regional human rights’ regimes? Include one example of a regional human rights’ regime (write at least 1 page double spaced)(5 points) The most notable example of a global human rights regime is the United Nations, and an example of regional human rights would be the OAS ( Organization of American States). Both entities have focuses that are quite similar andRead MoreAre There Any Natural Rights?1143 Words   |  5 PagesPatrick Hart in the text â€Å"Are there Any Natural Rights?† argues, that if there are any moral rights, then there exists at least one natural right, the equal right of all men being free. This right is not created or conferred by men’s voluntary action; other moral rights are. â€Å"No man has an absolute or unconditional right to do or not do any particular thing or to be treated in any particular way, coercion or restraint of any action may be justified in special conditions consistently with the generalRead MoreWhat Is Human Rights?1289 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Human rights? Human rights are the moral philosophy or norms that illustrate certain standards of human behaviour, and are regularly confined as legal rights in national and international law. Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, colour, sex ,place of residence, national or ethnic origin, religion, language, or any other status. It is our right to know about human rights without discrimination. These rights has significances of interrelated, interdependentRead More No Universal Definition of Human Rights Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagesof many people human rights are defined as a set of governmental Do’s and Don’ts that protect people from their governments in terms of the freedom of speech, assembly, etc. without infringement. Of course, most people would agree that these are fundamental rights and deserve to be upheld, however many feel that there are a set of universal human rights that can be used to secure the freedom of all people aroun d the world. One such document, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights written by theRead MoreThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights1131 Words   |  5 PagesHuman rights are moral principles that set out specific standards of human behavior, and are normally ensured as lawful rights in both national and global law. They are acknowledged to be inalienable, since anybody is characteristically qualified for it essentially on the grounds that they are individuals. Whatever our nationality, sex, shade, religion, dialect, or ethnic source is, we are all just as qualified for our rights without separation or discrimination. All human rights are resolute andRead MoreA Great American Hypocrisy1157 Words   |  5 Pagessystem. The United States claims in its Declaration of Independence that â€Å"all men are created equal† and that all of these men have the inalienable rights to â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† Yet this is the same country that allows over 120 people to die each day because they are uninsured. How can this nation claim that all are created equal and have a right to life when they deny healthcare to those who cannot afford it? This issue has come on the scene relatively soon, having only truly

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Essay on William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing

Sometimes, when a man and a woman are interested in each other, they pretend to feel exactly the opposite. They hide their feelings of love inside and act like they absolutely hate each other. Being too proud to concede their love, they leave themselves vulnerable to rejection by the other one, and they continue the farce. This situation is often associated with relationships that take place during the adolescent stages of peopleamp;#8217;s lives, but in Much Ado About Nothing these types of goings on take place between a mature man and woman. These characters are Benedick and Beatrice. Every time they met, battles of wit and words begin. Not one kind word was uttered between the two. Their love was never to be realized though, until†¦show more content†¦They always had be the victor in front of their companions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One night while at a masked ball under disguise Benedick goes to ask Beatrice to dance with him. She, unknowing that it is he, went on to inquire about the masked manamp;#8217;s knowledge of Benedick. She then went on to make fun of him, calling him a amp;#8220;jester; and a simple object of amusement to the Prince and all of his company. She lashed out even more and said that they did not truly like him at all, and if it had not been for their amusement by him, he would not be with them. Since Benedick was the man behind the mask he was unable defend himself without having given up his identity, which then would have created a scene with Beatrice. This was not something that he wanted, which was obvious because he did go to her to dance and no one else. He was starting to show the reader his interest in her and the way h e did it under the comfort of the mask assures that he would not to be ridiculed by her if she knew if it was him asking her to dance. This proved the insecurity that he possessed. Though Beatrice gave fewer obvious clues as to her interest in Benedick, one could have guessed that since she always was talking and thinking about him that she must have possessed some kind of feelings for him. Their feelings were starting to become a little bit more evident as the playShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing was written in the years 1598-9 and was know for its genre, which is a classic comedy. The comedy of ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ derives from the characters themselves and the manners of the society in which they live. Language is a significant part of the play and the plot ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ has a large use of prose. Benedick and Beatrice are the main examples of male and female rivalry. Read MoreWilliam Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing In much ado about nothing act 4 scene 1, is the most dramatically significance scene of the play, I will analyse the many ways in order to show how Shakespeare dramatically explores the society of his time. The social traditions of Shakespeare time, where men were much higher ranked than women as women were not allowed power and women were discriminated against and were not allowed to have a say in their lives. The men andRead More William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the play Much Ado About Nothing, William Shakespeare describes how a person can do a lot of things out of nothing. There are four main characters in this play that find a lot to do about stupid things and it can make things very difficult. The main characters are: Benedick, Claudio, Beatrice, and Hero. Shakespeare explains the roles of these four different characters and how relationships work. Its amazing what he knew 400 years ago aboutRead More Borachio in William Shakespeares Much Ado about Nothing Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesOne such character is Borachio in William Shakespeares Much Ado about Nothing. While Borachio appears in only six scenes, he is very important to the entire play. As a minor character, Borachio seems insignificant, but without his role in the play, there would be neither conflict nor a resolution. Borachios role is necessary for the development of the plot of Much Ado about Nothing. As a result of his friendship with Don John, Borachio tells him vital news about overhearing it agreed upon thatRead More Beatrice of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesBeatrice of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing One of the most intriguing characters from Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing must be Beatrice. An intelligent, well-spoken (and, perhaps more interesting, outspoken) young woman, she is an almost exact opposite of her cousin, Hero. What makes Beatrice so different than what one expects of a woman during Shakespeare’s time? Why did Shakespeare decide to make her such a strong female character? It begs the question of what women wereRead MoreThemes of Love In William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing619 Words   |  3 Pages In William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing love and how love works is a major theme in the play. When it comes to true love in the book i believe it is incidental or secondary to the main story in the book. My reasoning behind this idea is because none of the characters are searching for love, it is not their main priority but rather happens in result of another, bigger situation or conflict and that how true love or falling in love works in real life it just happens. In this story, it isRead MoreThe Character of Claudio in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing1913 Words   |  8 PagesThe Character of Claudio in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado about Nothing is not unlike other Shakespearean comedies. These stories usually deal with the main idea of young people who are in love with each other. They encounter difficulties which they have to deal with so that they can both live together, happily ever after. In Much Ado about Nothing, Claudio and Hero are the young characters in the play, who along with other characters struggleRead MoreThe Portrayal of Benedick and Beatrice in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing702 Words   |  3 PagesPortrayal of Benedick and Beatrice in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing At the beginning of William Shakespeares play Much Ado About Nothing he portrays Beatrice and Benedick as two argumentative young people. However he also portrays them as being attracted to each other, this becomes clear because the first thing Beatrice says in the play is I pray you, is Signor Mountanto returnd from the wars or no? She is talking about Benedick asking the messenger inRead MoreBeatrice and Benedick as a Couple in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing1336 Words   |  6 PagesBeatrice and Benedick as a Couple in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing is a Shakespeare play set in Mecina. It is a comedy, about Don Pedro and his friends. The play focuses on the relationships of the characters, especially that of Beatrice/Benedick and Claudio/Hero. The two romances follow two different ideas, one an average romance in Shakespeares day, the other a not so average romance. Beatrice and Benedicks history together isRead MoreThe Character of Don John in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing827 Words   |  4 PagesThe Character of Don John in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing The Shakespeare play Much Ado About Nothing is a romantic comedy set in Messina, Italy. In this play there is a thin line between it being a comedy and a tragedy, the only thing that stops this play being a tragedy is the happy ending and the fact that no one really dies. Throughout the play there are a series of upsets within the relationships between characters. Don John, who is the illegitimate

Comedy Film Wanda Free Essays

The film A Fish Called Wanda is on the AFI†s (American Film Institute) Greatest 100 Comedies list. Although this film features talented actors like John Cleese and Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline easily steals the show. Kline gives a brilliant performance as the pseudo-intellectual Otto. We will write a custom essay sample on Comedy Film Wanda or any similar topic only for you Order Now What makes Kline so remarkable is the way that he moves and makes his character dance across the screen. Right from the outset, in one of the film†s first scene, we see that Kline†s Otto is no normal jewel thief. Even though Otto is supposed to be working under the guise that he is Wanda†s (Jamie Lee Curtis) sister, he quickly gives her breast a squeeze in full view of Ken, one of the other robbers. What makes this movement work comically is that Kline does it so lightening fast and that if you blinked you might miss it. He has such control over his arm that he is able to extend it, and withdraw it in a matter of maybe a second. This allows for the suspended disbelief that Ken does not see him do it. Another movement that Kline makes also speaks volumes about his body control. Otto and Wanda are together in what I take to be Otto†s quarters. They are speaking excitedly about something and he leaps into the air, grabs a pipe that is suspended from the ceiling, lifts himself completely off the ground and sails on to the bed with the grace of a ballerina. This is so interesting because Kline†s Otto is supposed to a be a vulgar American bank robber. His graceful movement is evidenced again when Otto and Wanda go to the garage to claim the jewels the stole from a safe. Otto is angered by the fact that the jewels are not there. He goes over to kick a car out of anger. Rather then just kicking the tire, or burying his foot into the car door, Kline leaps into up and kicks the car twice while he is in the air. He takes what is just a simple movement and makes into something much more. While Kevin Kline is not a big man in stature and he does not look physically intimidating, or especially strong, he shows us the contrary. In one scene, he grabs Wanda by the back of her head and tosses her onto a bed like she was a rag doll. In another scene, in a jealous rage, Otto breaks into the Cabin that Archie (John Cleese) and Wanda are in. He overhears the two of them making fun of him. Otto hates to be called stupid or insulted. When Archi refuses to apologize and take back his insults, Otto takes Archie, who is a much bigger man, and dangles him by the feet out the window until he says he is sorry. While we do not see how Otto gets Archie into the position of hanging out the window, we assume that he quickly and decisively over powered him. Towards the middle of the film, we see Kline†s Otto in front of a mirror with a katana blade. It appears that he is practicing ninjitsu. This makes it plausible for us an audience to believe he has the cat-like quiet skills to be able to sneak into Archie†s house without being heard. Another example he shows of this type of body control is when angered Wanda, he grabs an 8Ãâ€"10 photo of her and punches through it without hurting his hand. We also see him practicing a Buddhist meditation technique that he says he uses for anger management. Something I find personally fascinating about Kline as an actor is the way he seems to be so centered. There is such cleanliness and crispness to all his movements, he speaks very clearly with his body. This control allows him to slip into all sorts of different characters in the movie. He very plausibly becomes a CIA agent, a homosexual, and speaks jibberish Italian, all in his attempts to seem an intellectual. Kline shows the control of an acrobat. When he goes try to Archie, he does a quick, clean backwards somersault and leap into a stride. Movement like this is so rare in film because subtly is needed in close-ups. You can read all you would want to know about Otto by the way he moves. He is someone who wants very badly to be smart. He reads Nitzche, but as Wanda says he â€Å"Doesn†t get it†. He can take control over almost any situation with his body because he is so centered. It†s this control that makes his performance so fun to watch.vJustin Issa The film A Fish Called Wanda is on the AFI†s (American Film Institute) Greatest 100 Comedies list. Although this film features talented actors like John Cleese and Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline easily steals the show. Kline gives a brilliant performance as the pseudo-intellectual Otto. What makes Kline so remarkable is the way that he moves and makes his character dance across the screen. Right from the outset, in one of the film†s first scene, we see that Kline†s Otto is no normal jewel thief. Even though Otto is supposed to be working under the guise that he is Wanda†s (Jamie Lee Curtis) sister, he quickly gives her breast a squeeze in full view of Ken, one of the other robbers. What makes this movement work comically is that Kline does it so lightening fast and that if you blinked you might miss it. He has such control over his arm that he is able to extend it, and withdraw it in a matter of maybe a second. This allows for the suspended disbelief that Ken does not see him do it. Another movement that Kline makes also speaks volumes about his body control. Otto and Wanda are together in what I take to be Otto†s quarters. They are speaking excitedly about something and he leaps into the air, grabs a pipe that is suspended from the ceiling, lifts himself completely off the ground and sails on to the bed with the grace of a ballerina. This is so interesting because Kline†s Otto is supposed to a be a vulgar American bank robber. His graceful movement is evidenced again when Otto and Wanda go to the garage to claim the jewels the stole from a safe. Otto is angered by the fact that the jewels are not there. He goes over to kick a car out of anger. Rather then just kicking the tire, or burying his foot into the car door, Kline leaps into up and kicks the car twice while he is in the air. He takes what is just a simple movement and makes into something much more. While Kevin Kline is not a big man in stature and he does not look physically intimidating, or especially strong, he shows us the contrary. In one scene, he grabs Wanda by the back of her head and tosses her onto a bed like she was a rag doll. In another scene, in a jealous rage, Otto breaks into the Cabin that Archie (John Cleese) and Wanda are in. He overhears the two of them making fun of him. Otto hates to be called stupid or insulted. When Archi refuses to apologize and take back his insults, Otto takes Archie, who is a much bigger man, and dangles him by the feet out the window until he says he is sorry. While we do not see how Otto gets Archie into the position of hanging out the window, we assume that he quickly and decisively over powered him. Towards the middle of the film, we see Kline†s Otto in front of a mirror with a katana blade. It appears that he is practicing ninjitsu. This makes it plausible for us an audience to believe he has the cat-like quiet skills to be able to sneak into Archie†s house without being heard. Another example he shows of this type of body control is when angered Wanda, he grabs an 8Ãâ€"10 photo of her and punches through it without hurting his hand. We also see him practicing a Buddhist meditation technique that he says he uses for anger management. Something I find personally fascinating about Kline as an actor is the way he seems to be so centered. There is such cleanliness and crispness to all his movements, he speaks very clearly with his body. This control allows him to slip into all sorts of different characters in the movie. He very plausibly becomes a CIA agent, a homosexual, and speaks jibberish Italian, all in his attempts to seem an intellectual. Kline shows the control of an acrobat. When he goes try to Archie, he does a quick, clean backwards somersault and leap into a stride. Movement like this is so rare in film because subtly is needed in close-ups. You can read all you would want to know about Otto by the way he moves. He is someone who wants very badly to be smart. He reads Nitzche, but as Wanda says he â€Å"Doesn†t get it†. He can take control over almost any situation with his body because he is so centered. It†s this control that makes his performance so fun to watch. How to cite Comedy Film Wanda, Essay examples

Agency and Deterministic Approaches in Organisations†Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Agency and Deterministic Approaches in Organisations. Answer: Introduction: The theory of agency can be defined as the conception that human beings are capable of original ideas and are capable of acting in a particular fashion. The theory also recognises that human beings are capable of either acting or adaption to turn the effects of external environment to their own advantages. The deterministic theory as opposed to agency theory, proposes that human beings have no power to control or innovate. The theory further believes that external environment controls the actions of human beings and that man has no control over his environment. If the paradigm wars of the two theories are applied in case of the corporate organisations, they come into play in a big way. The agency theory states that individuals can control their actions which correspond to the internal environment of the organisations. The deterministic theory speaks about uncontrollable and formidable external environment which can be interpreted as the macroeconomic environment. External or macroeco nomic environmental environment impact the organisations and require them to form strategies to adapt to it. The organisations form their internal policies or microeconomic environment which they control to adapt to and take advantage of the external environment. Thus, it is possible to reconcile these two theories because no organisation is beyond the effects of the external environment and again all organisations make their own internal environment to use the external environment to their profit. Hence, these two theories come together to form the universal organisational theories which means organisation balance between these two theories. The organisations are under the strong impact of the external world or environment which decides every aspect and operations of them. To start with, organisations are totally dependent on the external environment which corresponds to the deterministic theory. The external environment is composed of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and environmental summarised as PESTEL. The political factors like laws and policies are the determining factors of the corporate world. The factor is more prominent and crucial for the international companies compared t their national and small scale alternatives. The laws formed by the international bodies like the European Union and the national governments determine the very strategies and policies framed by the companies. For example, companies have to frame their policies according to the laws like taxation, labour and so on. The multinational companies like Unilever and ThyssenKrupp have to abide by the export laws pertaining to free trade and subsidies set by European Union while trading with the European countries. The European airline companies can take advantage of the EU-India agreement to operate flights (ec.europa.eu 2017). It goes without saying that the laws formed by the governments and the international bodies are not under the control of the organisations which correspond to the deterministic approach. Air France the airline company of France operates flight services in India based on the EU-India agreement but cannot spread it into other nations (Airfrance.com 2017). Thus, organisations make internal policies to take advantage of the laws. Here, it can be opined that organisations apply agency theory to deal with deterministic theory. The make innovative products and services of their own to expand into countries confirming to the laws (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). Thus the paradigm wars between these two theories make the organisations form strategies to thrive in the market. The companies are dependent on the external environment because they acquire materials and labour from the communities, thus confirming to the deterministic approach. They acquire raw materials from the supply chains in various countries. Unilever manufactures and markets over hundreds of products like soaps, ice creams, tea, coffee, tooth pastes, food products and so on. The company owing to its vast product line buys materials from a large number of suppliers. The company maintains a high quality supply chain so that its products confirm to the requirements pertaining to the product quality and standard (Unilever global company website 2017). Failure to confirm to the material standards and requirements can have detrimental effects of the market position of companies and lead to losses worth billions. Nestle, the largest manufacturer and marketer of food products in the world owns the brand Maggi noodles. Maggi is consumed by millions of people all round the world among which India is one of the leading consumers. The test on Maggi found presence of harmful chemicals in the noodle products which led to its ban in the country (The Indian Express 2017). The ban resulted in losses worth billions of dollars and weakening of the market position of Nestle. The food giant in order to counteract the losses ran advertisements and online campaigns to restore faith in the product (Bhushan 2017). The first example, the ban on Maggi was an example of deterministic theory because Nestle had no control over it. The advertisement campaigns run by Nestle exemplified the attempt of the company to deal with the external change or the ban. Thus companies take steps to deal with external impacts like government ban which proves deterministic and agency theories coexist in the modern organisations. The organisations obtain human resources from labour markets to commence their operations. Their talented employees using their qualifications, skills and competencies perform functions which earn them their market positions. The organisations should provide their human resources legitimate compensations and facilities in return of their services (Lee and Kim 2014). The laws and policies pertaining to the employment of human resources are formed by government which are beyond the control of the organisations. The Fair Work Act 2009 governs the employer and employee relationship in Australia. The act provides for minimum compensation, flexible working hours and fairness of work opportunities to the workers in Australia (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). The act exemplifies deterministic theory because the companies have no control over the government but has to abide by it. They frame innovative work policies for their employees to incorporate the act in their employment policies. Telstra, t he leading telecommunication company of Australian origin provides facilities like health benefits and flexible working hours confirming to the act. Thus, it shows Telstra is following to agency theory employee friendly policies to deal with the deterministic Fair Work Act 2009 (careers.telstra.com 2017). This discussion proves that organisations incorporate both the theories to develop their own organisational theories. Technology today plays crucial role in every aspect of the organisation and is dependent heavily on external factors like available resources and financial conditions of the countries. Adoption and diffusion of technology in organisations depend on the level of advancement prevailing in countries, natural resources and several factors over which they have no control. These factors impact their use of technology in production, operation and all other areas. The big multinational companies can invest in technology to acquire modern machineries and softwares to ease their operations. They over here can use their funds to acquire technology from the outside world over which they cannot exercise control. They can also use their financial and human resources to acquire them. Thus firms have no control over external environment and can only acquire machineries to adapt to it. Big corporate giants like PG and Microsoft can acquire technology to bring about innovation in their products and wa ys of operations (Blomkvist, Kappen and Zander 2014). The small companies cannot afford to acquire modern technology and mass produce goods. Here it can opined that the scarcity of funds inhibit small companies from inducing modern technology. Thus the discussion reveals that financial and resources strength can be used to deal with external deterministic factors. This requires the companies to manage human resource, funds and technology to ensure exploitation of external market. The companies apply various organisational theories in their work environment to optimise their organisational culture. They have horizontal structures of bureaucratic control which ensures efficient decision making machinery built after Webers theory (Fukuyama 2013). They manage their employees scientifically and strategically after the Taylors scientific management theory (Morse, Babcock and Murthy 2014). They divide their total target into several parts which they distribute among the departments based on area of expertise and specialisation. This division of labour follows the organisational theory by Adam Smith and is aligned to the business goals of the organisations (Durkheim 2014). Thus the companies combine strategies and organisational theories to control their resources to take operate in efficient ways. They bring about innovations and researches to use th eir resources to adapt to the external deterministic factors in the environment. For example, the companies carry out continuous innovations and researches to introduce new products and improve the existing ones to cater to the growing customer needs. The customers, materials and human resources are not generated by the companies but the organisational structures and products are. The first three are components of the specific markets which are not under the control of the companies. The companies acquire these resources to gain competitive advantage in the market. Thus, application of agency theory to develop or acquire resources helps them to deal with deterministic environment. The companies develop universal organisations culture based on several theories to suit their structures and business goals. Thus, organisational theories and strategies are expressions of the agency theories which can be adopted to adapt to stand the external environment challenges. The most challenging situation the organisations face from external environment is the challenge to generate huge profit by operating in sustainable ways. The companies involved in sectors like mining, manufacturing, energy production and construction provide the raw material and support system to all other industries. They are among the highest revenue earning companies in the world and come under strict supervision of national and international bodies. They also generate high amount of pollutants during the course of the production which brings them under the purview of environmental laws. These companies are investing hugely in technology and infrastructures to shift towards sustainable and environment friendly production. For example, Renault is concentrating on manufacturing vehicles using electricity as fuel to cut down pollution caused by petrol and diesel smoke emission. The company is determined to ensure ethical practices to ensure benefit of stakeholders like employees, sh areholders and society at large (Group.renault.com 2017). Thus, this example once again shows that the companies can adapt their strategies and operations to deal with the impact of the external market. The macro environment represents the deterministic external forces over which the companies have on power. The agency functions tell that organisations are capable of bringing about innovation to deal with the external deterministic market. They develop their own business models after the agency theory which help them to sustain the stiff competition (Chesbrough 2013). The competitive market experiences entry of new firms which challenge the existing firms. The multinational companies acquire firms or enter into joint ventures to enter new markets. This poses challenge to the existing companies but they cannot prevent the entry(Brush 2015). Wipro acquired heritage beauty cosmetic brand Yardley to enter the premium beauty segments. The company manufactures after shave lotions and poses stiff competition to the existing brands like Axe by Unilever and Old Spice by PG (The Times of India 2017). The two companies namely Unilever and PG are known for their deep understanding of changing c onsumer needs. These two companies bring about new products and introduced better versions of existing products to deal with threats from new entries. PG owns two men accessories brands, Old Spice and Gillette. The company under its brand Gillette introduces razors, shaving creams and shaving creams having modern technology to provide superior comfort to the users (News.gillette.com 2017). The above example clearly shows that companies introduce new innovative products to deal with the threats from new companies and substitutes. The above discussions list variety of impacts provided by the external environment over which the organisations have no control like government laws and new emerging competitors. These impacts represent the deterministic nature of the market which forces companies to adapt to them. It can also be stated that the strategies formed by the companies to deal with these impacts help the companies to suit the impacts. These strategies taken by the companies correspond to the agency theory which upholds the power of the companies to form strategies and innovation to thrive in the market. The companies form their unique business strategies according to their organisation structures to create their own business models. Thus, the fact that organisations form their own theories to balance the tow former theories is justified and proved. References: Airfrance.com. 2017. Airplane tickets - flight offers to Europe, USA ... | Air France India. [online] Available at: https://www.airfrance.com/cgi-bin/AF/IN/en/common/home/flights/ticket-plane.do [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Bhushan, R. 2017. Maggi ban impact: Nestle India may take 3 years to recover Read more at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/51114562.cms?utm_source=contentofinterestutm_medium=textutm_campaign=cppst. [online] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/cons-products/food/maggi-ban-impact-nestle-india-may-take-3-years-to-recover/articleshow/51114562.cms [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Blomkvist, K., Kappen, P. and Zander, I., 2014. Win, place, or show? How foreign investment strategies contribute to the technological growth of the multinational corporation.Long range planning,47(1), pp.16-31. Brush, C.G., 2015. 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